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strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property and thermalinsulation performance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 288-297 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2222-7

摘要： The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance. In this work, silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels. The ungelled SiO2 precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying. By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles, SiO2 was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property. By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt % to 21 wt %, the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%. The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel, as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1. Moreover, the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel. Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance, which has potential application as thermal insulation material.

关键词： silica aerogel     silk fibroin     impregnation     thermal insulation     mechanical property    

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The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1486-1499 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0881-6

摘要： The International Energy Agency (IEA) states that global energy consumption will increase by 53% by 2030. Turkey has 70% of the world’s perlite reserves, and in order to reduce energy consumption a thermal insulation panel was developed in Turkey using different particle sizes of expanded perlite (EP). In this study, 0–1.18 mm (powder) and 0–3 mm (granular) EP particle sizes were selected, since they have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among all the particle sizes. In addition, an alkali activator solution was used as a binder in the mixtures. The alkaline activator solution was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide solution (6, 8, 10, and 12 mol·L−1) and sodium silicate (Module 3) at the different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. This study aimed to experimentally determine the optimum binder and distribution ratio of EP, with the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity and the lowest density. The lowest thermal conductivity and the lowest density were determined as 0.04919 W·m−1·K−1 and 133.267 kg/m3, respectively, in the sample prepared with 83.33% powder-size EP, 6 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide solution, and ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1.5. The density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of the sample showed the same trends of behavior when the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was increased. In addition, the highest compressive strength was measured in 12 mol·L−1 NaOH concentration regardless of particle size. In conclusion, the study predicts that the EP-based thermal insulation panel can be used as an insulation material in the construction industry according to the TS825 Thermal Insulation Standard.

关键词： expanded perlite     alkali activator     thermal insulation panel     thermal conductivity    

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A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 431-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0071-9

摘要： When a historic fa?ade needs to be preserved or when the seismic considerations favor use of a concrete wall system and fire considerations limit exterior thermal insulation, one needs to use interior thermal insulation systems. Interior thermal insulation systems are less effective than the exterior systems and will not reduce the effect of thermal bridges. Yet they may be successfully used and, in many instances, are recommended as a complement to the exterior insulation. This paper presents one of these cases. It is focused on the most successful applications of capillary active, dynamic interior thermal insulation. This happens when such insulation is integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) system. Starting with a pioneering work of the Technical University in Dresden in development of capillary active interior insulations, we propose a next generation, namely, a bio-fiber thermal insulation. When completing the review, this paper proposes a concept of a joint research project to be undertaken by partners from the US (where improvement of indoor climate in exposed coastal areas is needed), China (indoor climate in non-air conditioned concrete buildings is an issue), and Germany (where the bio-fiber technology has been developed).

关键词： capillary active insulation     integrated heating     cooling and ventilation     air conditioning (HVAC) and building enclosure     dynamic insulation     switchable thermal resistance     variable U-value walls    

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Preparation, with graphene, of novel biomimetic self-healing microcapsules with high thermal stability

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1188-1198 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0027-5

摘要： This paper reports a comparative study of microcapsules with enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity inspired by the bionic thermal insulation of birds’ feathers for self-healing aged asphalt. The work is based on an in situ polymerization with composite shell components of graphene and hexamethoxymethylmelamine resin. By using graphene, microcapsules with rough surfaces are achieved, improving the interface between microcapsules and asphalt. In addition, the microcapsules’ initial thermal decomposition temperature is appropriately high, so that the stability of the microcapsule in the asphalt highway system is protected. The proportion of graphene in the microcapsule shell can regulate the microcapsule’s heat resistance because graphene modifies the shell’s structural makeup. Additionally, the microcapsules’ electrical conductivity is relatively high. The self-healing capability of bitumen sharply increases, providing benefit to the effect of microcapsules on the properties of aged asphalt.

关键词： graphene     microcapsule     bitumen     heat insulation     conductivity    

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Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 575-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0473-7

摘要： In this paper, the influence of different external wall insulation materials on the energy consumption of a newly built apartment in Germany is investigated. Three types of insulation materials commonly used in Germany including mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel are chosen for the case studies. An energy analysis model is established to clarify the primary energy use for production of the insulation materials and for building space heating. The calculation results show that the energy consumption for insulation material production increases with the insulation thickness, whereas the energy use for space heating decreases with the insulation thickness. Thus, there exists an optimum thickness to get the lowest total energy consumption for each kind of insulation material. The ascending order of the total energy consumption of the three materials is mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel. However, the optimum insulation thicknesses for the three insulation materials show a verse order at a certain heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope. The energy payback time (EPT) is proposed to calculate the payback time of the primary energy use for insulation material production. Mineral fiber has the shortest time, followed by polyurethane and vacuum insulation panel. The EPTS is 10, 19 and 21 years, respectively when the heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope is 0.2 W/(m ·K). In addition, the simulated results show that the theoretical value and the simulated value are basically identical.

关键词： building envelope     insulation materials     energy consumption     payback time    

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Performance improvement of a pulse tube cryocooler with a single compressor through cascade utilization of cold energy

Xuming LIU, Xiafan XU, Biao YANG, Xiaotong XI, Liubiao CHEN, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 345-357 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0708-x

摘要： The high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler (HPTC) has been attracting increasing and widespread attention in the field of cryogenic technology because of its compact structure, low vibration, and reliable operation. The gas-coupled HPTC, driven by a single compressor, is currently the simplest and most compact structure. For HPTCs operating below 20 K, in order to obtain the mW cooling capacity, hundreds or even thousands of watts of electrical power are consumed, where radiation heat leakage accounts for a large proportion of their cooling capacity. In this paper, based on SAGE10, a HPTC heat radiation calculation model was first established to study the effects of radiation heat leakage on apparent performance parameters (such as temperature and cooling capacity), and internal parameters (such as enthalpy flow and gas distribution) of the gas-coupled HPTC. An active thermal insulation method of cascade utilization of the cold energy of the system was proposed for the gas-coupled HPTC. Numerical simulations indicate that the reduction of external radiation heat leakage cannot only directly increase the net cooling power, but also decrease the internal gross losses and increase the mass and acoustic power in the lower-temperature section, which further enhances the refrigeration performance. The numerical calculation results were verified by experiments, and the test results showed that the no-load temperature of the developed cryocooler prototype decreased from 15.1 K to 6.4 K, and the relative Carnot efficiency at 15.5 K increased from 0.029% to 0.996% when substituting the proposed active method for the traditional passive method with multi-layer thermal insulation materials.

关键词： radiation heat leakage     active thermal insulation     cascade utilization     cold energy     performance improvement     cryocooler    

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Determining the optimum economic insulation thickness of double pipes buried in the soil for district

Fating LI, Pengfei JIE, Zhou FANG, Zhimei WEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 170-185 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0680-5

摘要： The insulation thickness (IT) of double pipes buried in the soil (DPBIS) for district heating (DH) systems was optimized to minimize the annual total cost of DPBIS for DH systems. An optimization model to obtain the optimum insulation thickness (OIT) and minimum annual total cost (MATC) of DPBIS for DH systems was established. The zero point theorem and fsolve function were used to solve the optimization model. Three types of heat sources, four operating strategies, three kinds of insulation materials, three buried depth (BD) values, and seven nominal pipe size (NPS) values were considered in the calculation of the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems, respectively. The optimization results for the above factors were compared. The results show that the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems can be obtained by using the optimization model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of some economic parameters, i.e., unit heating cost, insulation material price, interest rate, and insulation material lifetime, on optimization results. It is found out that the impact of sensitivity factors on the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems is different.

关键词： double pipes     optimization model     optimum insulation thickness     minimum annual total cost    

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全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第3期   页码 47-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.020

摘要：

全气候新能源汽车是指能够适应包括高温、高湿和极寒等各种气候环境的新能源汽车，相对于目前高温高湿环境下较为成熟的隔热散热与防护技术，新能源汽车在超过–30 ℃的极寒环境下存在无法启动、续驶里程锐减、充电困难等问题，是国际社会公认的制约新能源汽车全气候应用的难题。本文分析研究了动力电池自加热技术、高效冷暖一体化热泵空调技术、新型整车隔热保温技术等全气候新能源汽车技术体系，并进行了整车集成开发及极寒环境试验，最后分析了全气候新能源汽车的技术发展趋势。本文所述的研究成果将通过在2022 年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会上率先进行示范应用，从而推动我国乃至国际新能源汽车的全气候应用。

关键词： 全气候新能源汽车     电池自加热     热泵空调     隔热保温    

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Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 142-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0357-7

摘要： The analysis of the failure mechanics, namely hydrogen permeation of vacuum insulated tubing (VIT), indicated that the failure of VIT could be decreased but could not be avoided. To solve this problem, some measures by using non-vacuum materials were proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that to fill the tubing with foam-glass beads or high pressure argon may lead to a good performance.

关键词： vacuum insulated tubing     cyclic steam stimulation     insulation material     thermal conductivity     foam-glass     hydrogen permeation    

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Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 613-628 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0700-5

摘要： The increase of insulation thickness (IT) results in the decrease of the heat demand and heat medium temperature. A mathematical model on the optimum environmental insulation thickness (OEIT) for minimizing the annual total environmental impact was established based on the amount of energy and energy grade reduction. Besides, a case study was conducted based on a residential community with a combined heat and power (CHP)-based district heating system (DHS) in Tianjin, China. Moreover, the effect of IT on heat demand, heat medium temperature, exhaust heat, extracted heat, coal consumption, carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions and sulfur dioxide (SO ) emissions as well as the effect of three types of insulation materials (i.e., expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool) on the OEIT and minimum annual total environmental impact were studied. The results reveal that the optimization model can be used to determine the OEIT. When the OEIT of expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool is used, the annual total environmental impact can be reduced by 84.563%, 83.211%, and 86.104%, respectively. It can be found that glass wool is more beneficial to the environment compared with expanded polystyrene and rock wool.

关键词： optimum environmental insulation thickness     heat medium temperature     energy grade     extracted heat     exhaust heat    

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冷冻-萃取/真空干燥法制备坚固和耐疲劳的聚酰亚胺纤维气凝胶及其增强阻燃性复合材料 Article

姚恺清, 宋崇虎, 方红, 王峰, 陈炼, 蒋少华, 查国君, 侯豪情

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第21卷 第2期   页码 152-161 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.024

摘要：

在现代新材料的快速发展中，用节能、省时、低成本和简便的新型方法制备具有优良机械性能和热学性能的轻质、低密度和高孔隙率气凝胶十分必要。在本工作中，我们使用短切电纺聚酰亚胺（PI）纤维作为支撑骨架，通过开发出一种无需特殊干燥方法的真空干燥（VD）与冷冻-萃取相结合的方法，制备出高性能PI 纤维气凝胶（PIFAs）。所得PIFAs 具有低密度（≤52.8 mg⋅cm−3）和高孔隙率（>96%）。该PIFA在至少20 000 次的循环压缩过程中展现出高度的耐疲劳性及低能量损失系数。密度为39.1 mg⋅cm−3的PIFA具有40.4 mW⋅m−1⋅K−1的热导率。通过进一步使用聚硅氮烷对PIFAs复合改性后，其具备更强的耐火性和氮气氛围中的高残留率（>70%）。这些优异的性能使PIFAs 及其复合材料成为可应用于建筑工业、航空和航天工业轻质材料、隔热和防火层以及高温反应催化剂载体的可选材料。此外，本工作中提出的冷冻-萃取/VD法因其节能、省时和节约成本而可被拓展用于制备其他材料。

关键词： 聚酰亚胺气凝胶     冷冻萃取     真空干燥     机械性能     隔热性能     防火性能    

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软磁复合材料硝酸钠钝化绝缘包覆新技术 Article

严密, 陈起明, 刘冬, 吴琛, 王健

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第20卷 第1期   页码 134-142 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.01.016

摘要：

本研究发明了制备FeSiAl软磁复合材料（SMC）的硝酸钠钝化绝缘包覆新技术。结合成分组成和微观结构分析，研究了不同pH条件下包覆层的生成规律，发现酸性NaNO3溶液钝化形成的绝缘包覆层由Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3和AlO(OH)组成。随着pH值升高，由于NO3−的氧化能力减弱，Fe2O3转化为Fe3O4，而碱性NaNO3溶液钝化形成Al2O3、AlO(OH)和SiO2。进一步地，从热力学和动力学角度揭示了包覆层生长机理及其与FeSiAl SMC软磁性能的内在关联。通过调整钝化条件，可实现在50 kHz和100 mT测试条件下，有效磁导率为97.2、损耗为296.4 mW·cm−3的最优性能。

关键词： 软磁复合材料     表面钝化     绝缘包覆技术     生长机理     磁性能    

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Experimental study on the compressive performance of new sandwich masonry walls

Jianzhuang XIAO, Jie PU, Yongzhong HU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 154-163 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0203-0

摘要： Sandwich masonry wall, namely, multi-leaf masonry wall, is widely applied as energy-saving wall since the interlayer between the two outer leaves can act as insulation layer. New types of sandwich walls keep appearing in research and application, and due to their unique connection patterns, experimental studies should be performed to investigate the mechanical behavior, especially the compressive performance. 3 new types of sandwich masonry wall were investigated in this paper, and 3 different technical measures were considered to guarantee the cooperation between the two leaves of the walls. Based on the compression tests of 13 specimens, except for some damage patterns similar with the conventional masonry walls, several new failure patterns are found due to unique connection construction details. Comparisons were made between the tested compression capacity and the theoretical one which was calculated according to the Chinese Code for Design of Masonry Structures. The results indicate that the contributions of the 3 technical measures are different. The modification coefficient ( ) was suggested to evaluate the contribution of the technical measures on the compression capacity, and then a formula was proposed to evaluate the design compression capacity of the new sandwich masonry walls.

关键词： sandwich wall     insulation wall     connection     compressive performance     compression test    

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Well-being analysis of GSU transformer insulation incorporating the impact on power generation using

Alagarsamy KRISHNAVEL, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 288-299 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0265-7

摘要： With the prevailing power scenario, every watt-second of electrical energy has its own merit in satisfying the consumer demand. At the state of such a stringent energy demanding era, failure of a power generation equipment compounds the energy constraints which will not only result in a huge loss of generation but also have an impact on capital revenue. The unexpected failure of generator step-up (GSU) transformer is especially a major disturbance in the power system operation and leads to unscheduled outages with power delivery problems. The time lag in bringing back the equipment in service after rectification or replacement may increase the criticality as the process involves mobilization of spares and maintenance professionals. Hot atmosphere existing in the vicinity of thermal power stations running round-the-clock with more than 100% plant load factor (PLF) increases the thermal stress of the electrical insulation which leads to premature failure of windings, bushings, core laminations, etc. The healthy state of the GSU transformer has to be ensured to minimize the loss of power generation. As the predication related to failure of a GSU transformer is associated with some uncertainties, a fuzzy approach is employed in this paper along with actual field data and case studies for the well-being analysis of GSU transformer.

关键词： generator step-up (GSU) transformer     well-being analysis     dissolved gases in oil analysis (DGA)     tan delta (TD)     sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)     fuzzy inference system (FIS)    

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A novel cryogenic insulation system of hollow glass microspheres and self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield

Jianpeng ZHENG, Liubiao CHEN, Ping WANG, Jingjie ZHANG, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 570-577 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0642-y

摘要： Liquid hydrogen (LH ) attracts widespread attention because of its highest energy storage density. However, evaporation loss is a serious problem in LH storage due to the low boiling point (20 K). Efficient insulation technology is an important issue in the study of LH storage. Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) is a potential promising thermal insulation material because of its low apparent thermal conductivity, fast installation (Compared with multi-layer insulation, it can be injected in a short time.), and easy maintenance. A novel cryogenic insulation system consisting of HGMs and a self-evaporating vapor-cooled shield (VCS) is proposed for storage of LH . A thermodynamic model has been established to analyze the coupled heat transfer characteristics of HGMs and VCS in the composite insulation system. The results show that the combination of HGMs and VCS can effectively reduce heat flux into the LH tank. With the increase of VCS number from 1 to 3, the minimum heat flux through HGMs decreases by 57.36%, 65.29%, and 68.21%, respectively. Another significant advantage of HGMs is that their thermal insulation properties are not sensitive to ambient vacuum change. When ambient vacuum rises from 10 Pa to 1 Pa, the heat flux into the LH tank increases by approximately 20%. When the vacuum rises from 10 Pa to 100 Pa, the combination of VCS and HGMs reduces the heat flux into the tank by 58.08%–69.84% compared with pure HGMs.

关键词： liquid hydrogen storage     hollow glass microspheres (HGMs)     self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield (VCS)     thermodynamic optimization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property and thermalinsulation performance

期刊论文

The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

期刊论文

A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

期刊论文

Preparation, with graphene, of novel biomimetic self-healing microcapsules with high thermal stability

期刊论文

Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

期刊论文

Performance improvement of a pulse tube cryocooler with a single compressor through cascade utilization of cold energy

Xuming LIU, Xiafan XU, Biao YANG, Xiaotong XI, Liubiao CHEN, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

期刊论文

Determining the optimum economic insulation thickness of double pipes buried in the soil for district

Fating LI, Pengfei JIE, Zhou FANG, Zhimei WEN

期刊论文

全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

期刊论文

Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

期刊论文

Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

期刊论文

冷冻-萃取/真空干燥法制备坚固和耐疲劳的聚酰亚胺纤维气凝胶及其增强阻燃性复合材料

姚恺清, 宋崇虎, 方红, 王峰, 陈炼, 蒋少华, 查国君, 侯豪情

期刊论文

软磁复合材料硝酸钠钝化绝缘包覆新技术

严密, 陈起明, 刘冬, 吴琛, 王健

期刊论文

Experimental study on the compressive performance of new sandwich masonry walls

Jianzhuang XIAO, Jie PU, Yongzhong HU

期刊论文

Well-being analysis of GSU transformer insulation incorporating the impact on power generation using

Alagarsamy KRISHNAVEL, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY

期刊论文

A novel cryogenic insulation system of hollow glass microspheres and self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield

Jianpeng ZHENG, Liubiao CHEN, Ping WANG, Jingjie ZHANG, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

期刊论文